Lecture 5
Ciliates and
Apicomplexans (Coccidians)

Phylum Ciliophora

Class Litostomates

Order Vestibuliferida...................................Balantidium

                                                            Ichthyophthirus multifilis

Phylum Apicomplexa

Class Coccidea

Order Eimeriida..........................Eimeria, Toxoplasma,

                                                      Cyclospora, Sarcocystis

Order Adeleida....................................Cryptosporidium

Unknown Taxonomy ................................Pneumocystis

 Balantidium coli

Geographic Range:

Definitive Host:

Life Cycle: Trophozoites and cysts

Pathogenesis/ Clinical Signs:

Control:

Ichthyophthirus multifilis  = Ick or Ich

    Definitive Host:

    Geographic Range

    Life Cycle- Trophonts, trophozoites, cysts, tomites

    Control- formaldehyde, malachite green, methylene blue

Geographic Range:

Definitive Hosts:

Intermediate Hosts:

Life Cycle: Two different life cycles. 1) Direct:

2)Indirect:

oocyst, sporocysts, sporozoites, bradyzoites, tachyzoites, micro and macrogametes

Pathogenesis/ Clinical Signs:

Public Health Concerns:

Control:

Cyclospora cayetanensis

    Emerging pathogen-first case reported in 1979 with an increase in the number of cases throughout the 80's and 90's. 

    Definitive Host:

    Morphology:

    Life Cycle:

    Pathogensis/Clinical Signs:

    Diagnosis/Treatment (more info see:  http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Cyclosporiasis.htm)

    Control

Sarcocystis spp.

    Many species that are morphologically indistinguishable.

    Definitive Host:

    Intermediate Host:

    Life Cycle:

    Pathogensis/Clinical Signs

    Public Health- cook your meat

More species left to discover!

Cryptosporidium parvum

Definitive Host:

Life Cycle:

Pathogenesis/ Clinical Signs:

Control:

Pneumocystis carinii

Taxonomically, either a fungus or a parasite. Produces chitin, has ultrastructural characteristics similar to some fungus, and stains with certain fungal stains. However, it has other structures similar to Toxoplasma and Plasmodium, and is sensitive to a variety of antiprotozoal agents. It’s membrane properties resemble those of amebas.

Definitive Host:

Life Cycle:

Pathogenesis/ Clinical Signs:

Treatment: