OBJECTIVE
Floodplain deciduous forests along
the Mississippi River and its tributaries in and near Winona contain
a wide variety of bird species during many seasons of the year.
In the springtime, these forests are homes for many year-round
residents (e.g., woodpeckers, sparrows, hawks) and migratory species
that breed in these habitats (e.g., waterfowl, ospreys, eagles,
wrens, vireos). Additional species (e.g., a wide variety of warblers)
stop over in these forests when passing through during their migration
to points further north. Many of these species exhibit distinct
habitat preferences within these floodplain forests, preferring
the ground, the water, the canopy, or some habitat in between.
This exercise will familiarize you with a wide variety of different
birds found in floodplain forests during springtime and examine
the birds' habitat preferences within these forests.
HYPOTHESIS
Birds will be evenly distributed throughout the various habitats
within the floodplain forest during springtime.
METHODOLOGY
As many birds as possible will be counted and identified within
the floodplain forest in Aghaghming Park during a single morning.
Birds will be counted and identified to species with the aid of
binoculars as we move slowly along the trails within the park.
Males and females of each species will be tallied together. The
habitat occupied by each bird also will be recorded according
to the following scheme:
Code - Habitat
G - Ground
W - Water
S - Shrub layer
U - Understory trees
C - Canopy (tops of large trees)
T - Trunks of large trees
L - Large limbs of large trees
F - Flying
The instructor will provide you with a data sheet to facilitate
collection of habitat information.
ANALYSIS
After data are collected, display the species and numbers of birds
observed according to habitat type in table form. Consult your
field guide for appropriate names (common and scientific). Using
your field guide, classify the birds observed as permanent residents,
residents during the breeding season only, and passing migrants.
Compare the relative abundances (%) of different species for the
total of all birds observed, and within specific habitats. Which
species were most abundant overall, and were different species
more abundant than others within specific habitats? Compare bird
distribution within the various habitat types with the aid of
a Chi-square goodness-of-fit test (Ecology lab manual). Use the
same test to compare the distributions of several of the more
common species observed as well. Which group was most common:
year-round residents, breeders only, or migrants?
EQUIPMENT
Bird field guide
Binoculars
Data sheet
Ecology lab manual
___________________________________________________
Neal D. Mundahl
Department of Biology
Winona State University
Winona, Minnesota
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Synopsis